Although there are currently some regulations on the grading standards of agricultural products and fruits in China, they are still very rudimentary, and there is no legal supervision mechanism. The implementation depends on the conscience of the operators. There is still a big gap between this and the foreign fruit grading standard mechanism after picking. For example, it is also a Cuixiang kiwi. The standard for first-class fruit is 100 grams, but some e-commerce companies sell many 80-90 grams, and they also carry the brand of first-class fruit. This can only be considered unlucky by domestic buyers; in foreign countries, this may involve legal issues of commercial fraud.
(1) There are few project indicators, and the coverage of a single standard content is narrow
my country's fruit grading indicators are mainly manifested in that there are too few restrictions on internal quality indicators and indicators such as heavy metals and pesticides, and focus on sensory indicators. For example, foreign longan grading standards are not only classified according to the transverse diameter, weight, maturity, damage area, pollutants, diseases and insect pests, etc. of the fruit, but also include packaging, pesticide content, sanitary conditions, signs or labels, while my country's national technical supervision The national standard GB12049-89 "Purchasing and Selling Fresh Longan" issued by the Bureau only covers the appearance in the process of using the longan grading standard, and the content covers less and is more extensive.
(2) The stipulation of grading level is not detailed
In terms of product grading regulations, foreign fruits are generally divided into three grades: special grade, first grade and second grade, and also according to the product's soundness, hardness, neatness, size, weight, color, shape, maturity, magazine rate, Pests and diseases and mechanical damage, etc., set standards for each level. However, my country's fruit grading work started relatively late, and many product standards have no grading regulations at all or are still being revised or promulgated, resulting in only one grade or only qualified and unqualified products, and there is no quality level and different specifications. This cannot meet the requirements of the production market for different product quality, and it is more difficult to adapt to the needs of international standards.
(3) The detection technology of fruit grading is backward
In actual trading operations, fruit grading in my country generally can only detect the appearance. Because the internal quality inspection is time-consuming and labor-intensive, it is difficult to test each batch, box, and fruit one by one, and destructive testing methods are generally used for internal quality. implement. In developed countries, such as Japan, the research on non-destructive testing of fruits has made rapid progress. Near-infrared testing of peaches, optical testing of persimmons, and ultrasonic grading testing of watermelons have been put into use. The backward fruit grading detection technology greatly limits the formulation and implementation of my country's fruit grading standards.
(4) Poor publicity and implementation of fruit grading
The EU and its member states have paid attention to the integration of most agricultural product standards with international standards from the very beginning, focusing on the formulation of international standards such as the International Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) to meet the needs of the international market, and when formulating and implementing fruit product standards, they will be implemented. It is closely integrated with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard, which not only conforms to the local actual situation, but also has good operability. In addition, a quality management system, fruit classification implementation system, good operating practices, fruit processing, fruit sales, classification monitoring and other systems have been established to ensure the promotion and implementation of post-harvest standards for fruit. In my country, due to various reasons, postharvest grading of fruits has not received due attention. In recent years, although my country has vigorously promoted the post-harvest standardization of fruits, it has paid more attention to pollution-free agricultural products and food hygiene and safety, and has not included the post-harvest classification of fruits into the main work agenda.
